An UNRWA school in 
the Gaza Strip. The U.S. fears that UNRW
is not taking steps to keep 
the curriculum neutral                                                  
                                                  
                                                
                                                    Photo: AFP                                                
A
 potential hot potato known as the "UNRWA file" has been on a back 
burner in Washington for months, unreported. UNRWA – the U.N. Relief and
 Works Agency for Palestine Refugees – is being investigated by the U.S.
 government. The reasons for the investigation are suspicions backed by a
 wealth of documentation about the growing overlap between the 
organization and the existence and goals of the PLO, to the point of 
accepting content of violence, terrorism and incitement.
The U.S. government announcement that it 
intends to reduce funding to UNRWA in light of the "Palestinian 
Authority's retreat from the peace process" – which the Palestinians 
have called a line in the sand in terms of its relations with the U.S. 
administration – is linked to this investigation no less than to the 
"peace process."
Here are the full details: In January 2017,
 immediately after U.S. President Donald Trump entered the White House, a
 team from the U.S. Attorney General's office launched a probe, on 
behalf of Congress, into whether the textbooks used in UNRWA schools in 
Judea and Samaria and the Gaza Strip included anti-Semitic content and 
encouraged terrorism. The team is also investigating whether and to what
 extent UNRWA is linked to terrorist entities, particularly in Gaza.
The team's report is expected to come out 
in February or March. The investigation is being handled by 
professionals, not politicians. Head of the Government Accountability 
Office Eugene Louis Dodaro, an appointee of previous U.S. President 
Barack Obama, is the one who decided to launch the investigation in 
response to a request by Republican Sen. James Risch.
The investigation Risch set in motion is 
the result of significant information submitted to him by the Center for
 Near East Policy Research, which is chaired by David Bedein. Bedein and
 his staff supplied Rich with dozens of research papers, recordings, 
videos, photographs and in particular Palestinian textbooks, all of 
which he handed on to the government investigators. They amassed 
additional material and started to get the picture. UNRWA was asked to 
respond. As of now, nothing has been leaked. However, the material from 
the Center for Policy Study in the Middle East and Israel are available 
to everyone.
They were collected over many years by 
Badin and by former IDF Intelligence official, Lt. Col. (res.) Yoni 
Dahuh-Halevy; Middle East researcher Dr. Arnon Gross, who has spent 
years studying Arab and Palestinian textbooks and their content; and 
recently Dr. Ronni Shaked, coordinator of the Middle East Unit at the 
Harry S. Truman Research Institute for the Advancement of Peace, located
 next to the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. The results are not 
flattering to UNRWA, to put it mildly. Over the past few weeks, the 
organization has been trading accusations with the center's researchers.
Martyr pop
One of the subtitles in the latest report 
from the center, which is hard to argue with – if only because UNRWA 
doesn't make any attempt to hide anything – has to do with UNRWA's links
 to famous Palestinian singer Mohammad Assaf, who rose to fame in 2013 
after he won first place in the "Arab Idol" competition, a sort of 
Palestinian "American Idol," thus becoming a Palestinian national 
symbol.
The story about Assaf and UNRWA is more 
than gossip because it is symptomatic of UNRWA's identification with the
 Palestinian narrative, as well as the fact that the organization has 
accepted many expressions of incitement to terrorism and violence, both 
in the forms of the textbooks used in its schools and in its ongoing 
ties to Hamas members in Gaza.
For years, the Israeli defense 
establishment has been warning about the dangerous give-and-take between
 Hamas and UNRWA, which for years has shaken off these accusations. But 
James G. Lindsay, a former legal advisor to UNRWA, confirmed in one of 
his reports that "UNRWA did not take steps to identify terrorists or 
push them out of its upper echelon or decision-making positions."
In the case of Assaf, whose songs glorify 
holy death and jihad, UNRWA not only is not distancing itself from him 
but has also made Assaf its official youth ambassador. Assaf was 
supposedly chosen to promote peace, but in his songs, he repeatedly 
praises sacrifice and violence and encourages a martyr's death and 
jihad.
He also sings about the vision of a 
Palestinian state that will stand on the entirety of the territory of 
Israel. His music videos are broadcast on PA and Hamas television, with 
background images of Palestinians fighting IDF soldiers and funerals of 
"martyrs," whose bodies are wrapped in Palestinian flags and carried on 
supporters' shoulders and passed from hand to hand by the throngs.
Assaf sings about his country, which 
stretches from the Jordan River to the Mediterranean Sea. "Take my 
blood, and bring freedom," he trills. "Victory or a martyrs' death, said
 its men."
In one song, "Oh, Flying Bird," many places
 in Israel – Safed, Tiberias, Acre, Haifa, Beit Shean and Nazareth – are
 presented as some of the locations to which Palestinians will return. 
Many Palestinians doubtlessly identify with what he is saying. What is 
unclear is why UNRWA opted to be identified with a singer who holds 
views like these?
Tel Aviv – not what you thought 
For years, UNRWA has been stringently 
criticized for using Palestinian schoolbooks written in this spirit and 
even more for not doing anything to change. The latest report from Gross
 and Shaked, published a few months ago, focuses on the Palestinian 
books used in UNRWA schools.
The report is some 200 pages long. It has 
been presented in the Knesset and forwarded to monitors in Washington. 
Some of the books for early childhood education covered in the report 
ignore the existence of Israel. In one of them (a 2016 edition), Tel 
Aviv is renamed "Tel al-Rabia."
"Apparently, this is a new development in 
the Palestinian narrative in which Tel Aviv is presented as a modern 
Jewish city that was built on the ruins of an ancient Arab town," Gross 
explains.
In another book published in 2015, Hebrew 
writing is deleted from a picture of a stamp. A fourth-grade textbook 
from 2014 explains that "Acre is a Palestinian city founded by the Arabs
 and Canaanites in 1000 B.C.E.," and that it is destined to return to 
its rightful owners [the Palestinians]. Another Palestinian publication 
shows a girl floating above the security fence who aspires to reach "the
 lost parts of the country" of Palestine.
Elsewhere, the pupils are asked to repeat: 
"Let us sing and learn by heart: the ground of the noble – I have sworn.
 I will sacrifice my blood to saturate the ground and the noble will 
cast the thief out of my country and destroy what remains of the 
foreigners. O, the land of Al-Aqsa and the forbidden holy place; O, the 
cradle of pride and nobility. Patience. Patience, as our victory will be
 the sun rising out of the darkness."
The books used in UNRWA schools eradicate 
almost any mention of Israel, and when they do refer to it, it is in the
 context of "occupation" or the perpetrator of the "Nakba."
'A very harsh picture'
Gross and Shaked checked the books used up to ninth grade in UNRWA schools and discovered a "very harsh picture."
"The schoolbooks published by the Hamas 
government in Gaza, which include blatant anti-Semitic expressions and 
open incitement to an armed struggle to wipe out Israel, are taught as 
part of the UNRWA curriculum there, in which some quarter of a million 
students were enrolled in the 2015/16 school year," they said.
"UNRWA is an international organization 
that is not supposed to take a side in the … conflict, but rather adhere
 to the principles of the U.N. on a solution for peace. Therefore, it 
cannot be that this organization's schools are teaching material that 
calls for a violent struggle against Israel and for jihad, especially 
when the struggle is not limited to the areas that might be considered, 
by the world at large, occupied – but covers the entire area of the 
sovereign state of Israel as it is recognized in international circles,"
 they add.
The two researchers also attempt to refresh
 what is obvious: "UNRWA, as a U.N. organization, is obligated to 
prevent any situation in which a U.N. member state – Israel – is 
portrayed as illegitimate to students at schools it operates, both in 
the texts [used] and on maps. A textbook in which Israel does not appear
 on the map should not be used at all in an UNRWA school.
"We must not forget UNRWA's historical 
responsibility for the future of the children and youths it educates. 
Allowing the Palestinian Authority to insert into UNRWA textbooks 
content that teaches them about a future war against Israel is a 
betrayal of UNRWA's obligation to protect Palestinian children from such
 a future," they say.
UNRWA spokesman Christopher Gunness calls 
the information from Gross and Shaked "inaccurate and misleading." 
Gunness claims that 178 of the 201 books checked by the duo are not in 
use in UNRWA schools and have gradually been phased out, while the other
 23 were in use, but have been "thoroughly checked" by UNRWA and paired 
with complementary supplemental material. According to Gunness, the PA 
textbooks were found to be "free of incitement to terrorism." Gunness 
says that the UNRWA curriculum seeks to meet the values of the U.N.
Gross, who has been researching Palestinian
 textbooks since 2000, is doubtful about the UNRWA claim that 178 of the
 books he and Shaked reviewed have been phased out. He mentions that his
 latest report covers a three- to four-year period.
"The books used by UNRWA do not call for 
Jews to be killed. They 'only' say that Dalal Mughrabi, who led a 
terrorist attack on an Israeli bus in 1978 that killed 30 men, women, 
and children, was a hero and a martyr," Gross responds.
"They 'only' describe a Molotov cocktail 
attack on an Israeli bus in the West Bank as a 'barbecue.' These are two
 examples taken from books printed in 2017 for grades six to nine, which
 the UNRWA spokesman says in his statement are being taught in his 
organization's schools."
Gross explains that the textbooks in use in
 UNRWA schools "do not call for the destruction of Israel. They 'only' 
erase Israel from maps and replace it with 'Palestine.' The new books 
from 2017 even managed to erase the name Israel from their many 
demonizing sections and replace it with the expression 'the Zionist 
occupation.'"
The Center for Near East Policy Research 
continues to inspect Palestinian textbooks. Gross is now reviewing the 
books published in December 2017. He is getting the impression that the 
"demonization [of Israel] is on the rise. One ninth-grade book, for 
example, tells students that the Zionists built their entity on 
terrorism, destruction and colonialism."
Two other books published that same month 
portray the terrorist Mughrabi in an admiring manner. One book, intended
 for use by fifth-graders, writes: "Our Palestinian history is full of 
many names of martyrs who sacrificed their lives for the homeland. These
 include the martyr Dalal Mughrabi, who in her battle wrote one of the 
banner chapters of resistance, challenge, and heroism."
Gross is convinced that UNRWA "must 
re-examine the material is has been teaching to over 2 million 
Palestinian children and youth for over 70 years in the areas in which 
it is active. Their bending to ideas of jihad, martyrdom, victory, and 
return [of the Palestinians] are dangerous to both peoples, and 
certainly do not fall in line with the principles of the U.N. The future
 of the young generation of Palestinians, which is in its hands, must be
 a main consideration for UNRWA, otherwise it will betray its mission," 
he warns.